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10 fn tut3
The document discusses LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), which was developed by Cisco to address scalability issues facing the Internet. LISP solves these issues by separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC) using an encapsulation scheme and mapping system. This allows routing scalability by removing most host routes from the global routing system and storing them in a distributed database. The document outlines LISP's control and data plane operations, use cases, and Cisco's involvement in developing and standardizing the protocol.
10 fn tut2
This document discusses the transition to IP/MPLS in mobile backhaul networks. As networks evolve to support 4G/LTE, MPLS provides a unified solution for transporting various technologies like legacy TDM/ATM, Ethernet, and IP. MPLS enables features like scalability, reliability, manageability, traffic engineering, and quality of service required by mobile backhaul. The transition involves migrating networks to MPLS in phases, starting with aggregation and eventually supporting all technologies over a common MPLS infrastructure.
10 fn tut1
This document provides an introduction to RINA and discusses problems with the current Internet architecture. It argues that much of what is believed about the Internet is myth rather than reality. The Internet is facing severe problems like poor security, inefficient routing, and lack of mobility and quality of service support. Additionally, the document claims guiding principles for future Internet design are not very helpful. It asserts that networking is fundamentally about inter-process communication and the answer to improving Internet architecture has been clear since the mid-1990s.
10 fn s48
This document summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 0G to 4G and highlights some of the key challenges of 3G/4G networks. It shows how data rates have doubled every year, driving the transition from narrowband to broadband networks. While 3G deployments are maturing, 4G/LTE rollouts are just beginning. This is fueling a massive growth in mobile data traffic and creating challenges around traffic management, mobile backhaul capacity, and complex new network architectures.
10 fn s47
Packet Design introduces route analytics technology to help manage complex IP networks during the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Route analytics passively monitors routing protocols to create an accurate model of the network topology and application traffic paths. It helps troubleshoot issues, plan network changes like enabling IPv6, and ensure IPv6 prefixes are routed properly. Route analytics also provides real-time and historical views of network routing with the ability to simulate and model routing changes. This helps engineers more accurately manage the IPv6 transition.
10 fn s46
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
10 fn s45
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, carrier-class Ethernet connectivity and networking capabilities. They address the need for consistent application performance, accessibility, and expense predictability. Carrier Ethernet uses Ethernet technology and protocols to deliver services at wide area scales beyond 10Gbps. Popular service types include E-Line, E-LAN, VPLS, and IP VPNs. Level 3 provides nationwide and international carrier Ethernet networks and services.
10 fn s44
This document discusses Ethernet OAM and lessons learned from interoperability testing. Key points include:
- Standards exist for Ethernet OAM fault and performance management, but differences between IEEE and ITU-T standards prevent full interoperability.
- Testing through the Verizon Interoperability Forum revealed implementation challenges across vendors in areas like naming, link trace, and performance monitoring support.
- Managing OAM across networks is complex due to the need to provision monitoring points and reactions to faults on a service-specific basis across multiple network elements.
- Notifying customers of faults requires supporting either AIS or E-LMI asynchronous status messages depending on customer equipment capabilities.
- Continued development is
Recommended
10 fn tut3
The document discusses LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), which was developed by Cisco to address scalability issues facing the Internet. LISP solves these issues by separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC) using an encapsulation scheme and mapping system. This allows routing scalability by removing most host routes from the global routing system and storing them in a distributed database. The document outlines LISP's control and data plane operations, use cases, and Cisco's involvement in developing and standardizing the protocol.
10 fn tut2
This document discusses the transition to IP/MPLS in mobile backhaul networks. As networks evolve to support 4G/LTE, MPLS provides a unified solution for transporting various technologies like legacy TDM/ATM, Ethernet, and IP. MPLS enables features like scalability, reliability, manageability, traffic engineering, and quality of service required by mobile backhaul. The transition involves migrating networks to MPLS in phases, starting with aggregation and eventually supporting all technologies over a common MPLS infrastructure.
10 fn tut1
This document provides an introduction to RINA and discusses problems with the current Internet architecture. It argues that much of what is believed about the Internet is myth rather than reality. The Internet is facing severe problems like poor security, inefficient routing, and lack of mobility and quality of service support. Additionally, the document claims guiding principles for future Internet design are not very helpful. It asserts that networking is fundamentally about inter-process communication and the answer to improving Internet architecture has been clear since the mid-1990s.
10 fn s48
This document summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 0G to 4G and highlights some of the key challenges of 3G/4G networks. It shows how data rates have doubled every year, driving the transition from narrowband to broadband networks. While 3G deployments are maturing, 4G/LTE rollouts are just beginning. This is fueling a massive growth in mobile data traffic and creating challenges around traffic management, mobile backhaul capacity, and complex new network architectures.
10 fn s47
Packet Design introduces route analytics technology to help manage complex IP networks during the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Route analytics passively monitors routing protocols to create an accurate model of the network topology and application traffic paths. It helps troubleshoot issues, plan network changes like enabling IPv6, and ensure IPv6 prefixes are routed properly. Route analytics also provides real-time and historical views of network routing with the ability to simulate and model routing changes. This helps engineers more accurately manage the IPv6 transition.
10 fn s46
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
10 fn s45
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, carrier-class Ethernet connectivity and networking capabilities. They address the need for consistent application performance, accessibility, and expense predictability. Carrier Ethernet uses Ethernet technology and protocols to deliver services at wide area scales beyond 10Gbps. Popular service types include E-Line, E-LAN, VPLS, and IP VPNs. Level 3 provides nationwide and international carrier Ethernet networks and services.
10 fn s44
This document discusses Ethernet OAM and lessons learned from interoperability testing. Key points include:
- Standards exist for Ethernet OAM fault and performance management, but differences between IEEE and ITU-T standards prevent full interoperability.
- Testing through the Verizon Interoperability Forum revealed implementation challenges across vendors in areas like naming, link trace, and performance monitoring support.
- Managing OAM across networks is complex due to the need to provision monitoring points and reactions to faults on a service-specific basis across multiple network elements.
- Notifying customers of faults requires supporting either AIS or E-LMI asynchronous status messages depending on customer equipment capabilities.
- Continued development is
10 fn s43
The document proposes a solution for scaling LDP-based pseudowire (PW) services across multiple regions. It uses LDP signaling for setting up intra-region PWs and BGP for inter-region stitching and routing. The solution allows PW services to extend across autonomous systems and areas without requiring protocols like BGP on terminating provider edges (T-PEs). Provisioning and signaling are simplified through the use of attachment identifiers and route targets. Existing T-PE capabilities are largely reused through minor extensions to FEC-128/129 signaling over LDP. BGP routing between switching provider edges (S-PEs) avoids a full mesh of LDP sessions to improve scaling as the number of T-
10 fn s42
This document discusses using label switched multicast (LSM) for optimized video delivery over MPLS networks. It covers market trends in video, types of video, video delivery architectures, and an overview of label switched multicast using RSVP-TE and mLDP signaling. Examples applications of LSM for video contribution, primary distribution, and enterprise distribution are provided. The document concludes that MPLS networks are increasingly being used for different types of video delivery and that LSM can optimize this delivery through applications tailored to specific video use cases and requirements.
10 fn s40
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
10 fn s38
This document discusses how virtualization can provide the foundation for a green IT business case in a data center. It summarizes trends in server and desktop virtualization adoption. It also discusses challenges related to power usage and cooling in data centers. The document then models how virtualization can reduce capital and operational costs through lower hardware, power, and cooling needs. It shows how these savings can provide a strong ROI, especially as virtualization maturity increases. It concludes that virtualization is a key way to reduce energy usage and improve sustainability in a data center.
10 fn s37
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
10 fn s36
1) The document proposes an adaptive-mesh grid network of 5 data centers powered by solar, wind, and geothermal sources located around the world to provide continuous network access and data center services.
2) 4 data centers would operate on 6-hour shifts based on their local time zones during peak usage hours, while 1 data center remains always-on.
3) The network uses wavelength division multiplexing on fiber optic rings to dynamically allocate bandwidth between data centers as needed, reducing network capacity costs significantly compared to conventional network designs.
10 fn s35
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from server racks to the building's chilled water system. A case study shows the modular units reduced server temperatures by 14-24 degrees F in a lab without using air conditioning. The modular approach improves efficiency by up to 90%, utilizes space better, and provides a payback period of 3.3 years or less compared to traditional cooling systems.
10 fn s34
This document discusses the growing importance of measuring the energy efficiency of networking devices. As data and network traffic increases, the energy and cooling costs associated with powering network infrastructure is becoming a significant operational expense for network operators. Standards organizations have begun developing methods to measure and report the energy consumption and efficiency of networking equipment in order to drive the industry toward more eco-friendly solutions. Ixia has introduced a solution called IxGreen that allows for automated, real-world testing of networking devices' energy efficiency ratings.
10 fn s33
The document discusses the growing issue of power management in data centers, noting that energy costs are the fastest growing expense and many data centers will soon run out of power capacity. It explains that while IT infrastructure has become more dynamic, facilities have remained static, creating a large gap between power consumption and delivery. The document argues that in order to address this challenge, CIOs must be given power budgets and power must be measured at the equipment level to incentivize changes and connect power usage to business needs.
10 fn s32
This document discusses securing the smart grid through an RSA approach. It begins by introducing Sam Curry, the Chief Technology Officer of RSA, The Security Division of EMC. It then discusses some of the challenges utilities are facing in implementing smart grid technologies, including pressure to roll out new infrastructure quickly. The document outlines how the traditional energy grid lacks communication capabilities and visibility compared to a smart grid. It proposes that RSA can provide solutions for encrypting data, managing keys, controlling access to systems, collecting security information, and managing incidents to help secure the smart grid in an end-to-end manner. Finally, it suggests that EMC has capabilities across the smart grid stack from physical security to consulting that can also help utilities address security
10 fn s31
The document discusses the views of a cynic on smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids involve completely redesigning the communications networks that control and deliver electric power to form a resilient network like the Internet. However, there are still many open issues regarding standards, integrating renewable energy, consumer costs and willingness to accept time-of-use pricing, and challenges in home energy management. Overall, while the goals of smart grids are important, the cynic believes there are still major technical, economic and regulatory hurdles to widespread implementation.
10 fn s29
The document discusses opportunities for reducing power consumption in broadband networks. It finds that the biggest potential lies in simplifying the access layer, including the home gateway. Functions can be consolidated from the home gateway to the DSLAM or IP Edge to reduce power usage. Standardizing on open IPTV interfaces could also allow eliminating set-top boxes. Overall, rearchitecting networks with a focus on green technologies and intelligence at the Edge provides opportunities for power, capital, and operational savings.
10 fn s28
Mobile data usage is growing exponentially as smartphones become more popular. However, most mobile data is used indoors where signal from macro cellular towers is poor. While 4G technologies can provide some improvements, the macro cellular architecture alone cannot meet long term demands. Femtocells provide a solution by creating small, low-power cellular base stations that can be installed in homes to provide dedicated indoor coverage and capacity. This improves the user experience through better signal strength and dedicated bandwidth. Femtocells also enable new applications through awareness of both mobile and home networks. However, challenges remain around interference avoidance when femtocells overlap with macro networks.
10 fn s26
The document discusses requirements for efficient mobile backhaul with carrier Ethernet to support LTE networks. It covers:
- LTE network architecture and how it impacts transport network requirements, including the need for multi-service capability, low cost per bit transport, and support for a transition to packet-based networks.
- Key transport network requirements created by LTE like powerful OAM, fast protection switching, strong QoS support, multicast/broadcast support, and interoperability with the packet core.
- How MPLS-TP can fulfill these requirements through features like VPN support, coordinated tunnel setup, comprehensive OAM tools, sub-50ms protection switching, and support for QoS, performance monitoring
10 fn s23
The document discusses how Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) can help address scaling challenges in service provider Ethernet networks. PBB introduces a backbone MAC and service identifier tag that encapsulates customer traffic. This allows hiding customer MAC addresses within the network core and provides up to 16 million service instances. The document explains how PBB can be used on its own in native Ethernet networks or combined with Hierarchical Virtual Private LAN Service (H-VPLS) to reduce the number of label switched paths and pseudowires needed for large VPLS implementations.
10 fn s22
The document discusses the evolution of transport networks from SONET/SDH TDM technologies to packet switching using MPLS-TP. It provides an overview of MPLS-TP, including its fundamentals, architecture, and key technologies. It also outlines several potential deployment scenarios for MPLS-TP, such as in aggregation and access networks, mobile backhaul, and for carrier Ethernet. Finally, it reviews the status of MPLS-TP standardization efforts in the IETF and ITU-T.
10 fn s21
Verizon has strict requirements for IP/MPLS-based carrier Ethernet networks providing public Ethernet services. These include supporting large numbers of customers and interfaces through scalable architectures like PBB and MPLS. Services must conform to MEF definitions and provide high reliability through fast convergence and OAM. Extensive testing and certification are required to ensure performance meets standards.
10 fn s20
This document discusses how service providers can deliver managed video distribution services to enterprises. It notes that high bandwidth business video applications are becoming mandatory for enterprises, and that CXOs are looking to optimize costs. It states that managed video distribution services can help enterprises reduce travel costs, equipment costs per site, and enable competitive advantages. It also discusses how service providers can unlock new revenue opportunities by delivering these managed video services across their WAN networks.
10 fn s19
This document discusses how MPLS IP-VPN addresses key factors for carriers and cloud computing success, including economics, performance, security, and visibility/control. MPLS IP-VPN provides a private, economical connection between application providers and end-users while enabling quality of service and reporting of network service level metrics.
10 fn s18
The document discusses how WAN virtualization and colocation facilities can enable enterprises to build reliable hybrid cloud networks at lower costs. WAN virtualization provides significantly more bandwidth at lower prices by combining multiple internet connections. Colocation allows enterprises to centralize network complexity while maintaining performance. This transforms the enterprise WAN and provides an evolutionary path for enterprises to leverage both private and public cloud computing.
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10 fn s43
The document proposes a solution for scaling LDP-based pseudowire (PW) services across multiple regions. It uses LDP signaling for setting up intra-region PWs and BGP for inter-region stitching and routing. The solution allows PW services to extend across autonomous systems and areas without requiring protocols like BGP on terminating provider edges (T-PEs). Provisioning and signaling are simplified through the use of attachment identifiers and route targets. Existing T-PE capabilities are largely reused through minor extensions to FEC-128/129 signaling over LDP. BGP routing between switching provider edges (S-PEs) avoids a full mesh of LDP sessions to improve scaling as the number of T-
10 fn s42
This document discusses using label switched multicast (LSM) for optimized video delivery over MPLS networks. It covers market trends in video, types of video, video delivery architectures, and an overview of label switched multicast using RSVP-TE and mLDP signaling. Examples applications of LSM for video contribution, primary distribution, and enterprise distribution are provided. The document concludes that MPLS networks are increasingly being used for different types of video delivery and that LSM can optimize this delivery through applications tailored to specific video use cases and requirements.
10 fn s40
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
10 fn s38
This document discusses how virtualization can provide the foundation for a green IT business case in a data center. It summarizes trends in server and desktop virtualization adoption. It also discusses challenges related to power usage and cooling in data centers. The document then models how virtualization can reduce capital and operational costs through lower hardware, power, and cooling needs. It shows how these savings can provide a strong ROI, especially as virtualization maturity increases. It concludes that virtualization is a key way to reduce energy usage and improve sustainability in a data center.
10 fn s37
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
10 fn s36
1) The document proposes an adaptive-mesh grid network of 5 data centers powered by solar, wind, and geothermal sources located around the world to provide continuous network access and data center services.
2) 4 data centers would operate on 6-hour shifts based on their local time zones during peak usage hours, while 1 data center remains always-on.
3) The network uses wavelength division multiplexing on fiber optic rings to dynamically allocate bandwidth between data centers as needed, reducing network capacity costs significantly compared to conventional network designs.
10 fn s35
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from server racks to the building's chilled water system. A case study shows the modular units reduced server temperatures by 14-24 degrees F in a lab without using air conditioning. The modular approach improves efficiency by up to 90%, utilizes space better, and provides a payback period of 3.3 years or less compared to traditional cooling systems.
10 fn s34
This document discusses the growing importance of measuring the energy efficiency of networking devices. As data and network traffic increases, the energy and cooling costs associated with powering network infrastructure is becoming a significant operational expense for network operators. Standards organizations have begun developing methods to measure and report the energy consumption and efficiency of networking equipment in order to drive the industry toward more eco-friendly solutions. Ixia has introduced a solution called IxGreen that allows for automated, real-world testing of networking devices' energy efficiency ratings.
10 fn s33
The document discusses the growing issue of power management in data centers, noting that energy costs are the fastest growing expense and many data centers will soon run out of power capacity. It explains that while IT infrastructure has become more dynamic, facilities have remained static, creating a large gap between power consumption and delivery. The document argues that in order to address this challenge, CIOs must be given power budgets and power must be measured at the equipment level to incentivize changes and connect power usage to business needs.
10 fn s32
This document discusses securing the smart grid through an RSA approach. It begins by introducing Sam Curry, the Chief Technology Officer of RSA, The Security Division of EMC. It then discusses some of the challenges utilities are facing in implementing smart grid technologies, including pressure to roll out new infrastructure quickly. The document outlines how the traditional energy grid lacks communication capabilities and visibility compared to a smart grid. It proposes that RSA can provide solutions for encrypting data, managing keys, controlling access to systems, collecting security information, and managing incidents to help secure the smart grid in an end-to-end manner. Finally, it suggests that EMC has capabilities across the smart grid stack from physical security to consulting that can also help utilities address security
10 fn s31
The document discusses the views of a cynic on smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids involve completely redesigning the communications networks that control and deliver electric power to form a resilient network like the Internet. However, there are still many open issues regarding standards, integrating renewable energy, consumer costs and willingness to accept time-of-use pricing, and challenges in home energy management. Overall, while the goals of smart grids are important, the cynic believes there are still major technical, economic and regulatory hurdles to widespread implementation.
10 fn s29
The document discusses opportunities for reducing power consumption in broadband networks. It finds that the biggest potential lies in simplifying the access layer, including the home gateway. Functions can be consolidated from the home gateway to the DSLAM or IP Edge to reduce power usage. Standardizing on open IPTV interfaces could also allow eliminating set-top boxes. Overall, rearchitecting networks with a focus on green technologies and intelligence at the Edge provides opportunities for power, capital, and operational savings.
10 fn s28
Mobile data usage is growing exponentially as smartphones become more popular. However, most mobile data is used indoors where signal from macro cellular towers is poor. While 4G technologies can provide some improvements, the macro cellular architecture alone cannot meet long term demands. Femtocells provide a solution by creating small, low-power cellular base stations that can be installed in homes to provide dedicated indoor coverage and capacity. This improves the user experience through better signal strength and dedicated bandwidth. Femtocells also enable new applications through awareness of both mobile and home networks. However, challenges remain around interference avoidance when femtocells overlap with macro networks.
10 fn s26
The document discusses requirements for efficient mobile backhaul with carrier Ethernet to support LTE networks. It covers:
- LTE network architecture and how it impacts transport network requirements, including the need for multi-service capability, low cost per bit transport, and support for a transition to packet-based networks.
- Key transport network requirements created by LTE like powerful OAM, fast protection switching, strong QoS support, multicast/broadcast support, and interoperability with the packet core.
- How MPLS-TP can fulfill these requirements through features like VPN support, coordinated tunnel setup, comprehensive OAM tools, sub-50ms protection switching, and support for QoS, performance monitoring
10 fn s23
The document discusses how Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) can help address scaling challenges in service provider Ethernet networks. PBB introduces a backbone MAC and service identifier tag that encapsulates customer traffic. This allows hiding customer MAC addresses within the network core and provides up to 16 million service instances. The document explains how PBB can be used on its own in native Ethernet networks or combined with Hierarchical Virtual Private LAN Service (H-VPLS) to reduce the number of label switched paths and pseudowires needed for large VPLS implementations.
10 fn s22
The document discusses the evolution of transport networks from SONET/SDH TDM technologies to packet switching using MPLS-TP. It provides an overview of MPLS-TP, including its fundamentals, architecture, and key technologies. It also outlines several potential deployment scenarios for MPLS-TP, such as in aggregation and access networks, mobile backhaul, and for carrier Ethernet. Finally, it reviews the status of MPLS-TP standardization efforts in the IETF and ITU-T.
10 fn s21
Verizon has strict requirements for IP/MPLS-based carrier Ethernet networks providing public Ethernet services. These include supporting large numbers of customers and interfaces through scalable architectures like PBB and MPLS. Services must conform to MEF definitions and provide high reliability through fast convergence and OAM. Extensive testing and certification are required to ensure performance meets standards.
10 fn s20
This document discusses how service providers can deliver managed video distribution services to enterprises. It notes that high bandwidth business video applications are becoming mandatory for enterprises, and that CXOs are looking to optimize costs. It states that managed video distribution services can help enterprises reduce travel costs, equipment costs per site, and enable competitive advantages. It also discusses how service providers can unlock new revenue opportunities by delivering these managed video services across their WAN networks.
10 fn s19
This document discusses how MPLS IP-VPN addresses key factors for carriers and cloud computing success, including economics, performance, security, and visibility/control. MPLS IP-VPN provides a private, economical connection between application providers and end-users while enabling quality of service and reporting of network service level metrics.
10 fn s18
The document discusses how WAN virtualization and colocation facilities can enable enterprises to build reliable hybrid cloud networks at lower costs. WAN virtualization provides significantly more bandwidth at lower prices by combining multiple internet connections. Colocation allows enterprises to centralize network complexity while maintaining performance. This transforms the enterprise WAN and provides an evolutionary path for enterprises to leverage both private and public cloud computing.